Pharmacists' guide to infant formulas for term infants.

OBJECTIVE To provide pharmacists with the basic knowledge to counsel caregivers in appropriate infant formula selection and use. SUMMARY Although the majority of infants are initially breast-fed, a transition to infant formula by the age of 6 months, either as a supplement or a replacement for human milk, is common in the United States. Manufacturers have capitalized on this growing demand for infant formulas to more closely mimic human milk by creating a variety of formulations. The mainstay of the formula market is iron-fortified cow's milk, which may have a distinct variation in carbohydrate, protein, and fat sources, depending on the manufacturer. Formulations are also available to match specific needs of the infant or family, including added rice for reflux, partially or extensively hydrolyzed for allergen sensitivity, or soy based for a vegan diet preference. CONCLUSION With an extensive array of infant formulas available, pharmacists and caregivers can be overwhelmed when selecting an appropriate product. However, with careful questioning and a basic knowledge of the available formulas, an initial selection can be provided to caregivers. In addition to assisting in infant formula selection, pharmacists should provide information on proper preparation, handling, and storage of the product.